Discover CNC machining also called subtractive manufacturing with 3DEXPERIENCE Make and ACI Group
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Discover how the CNC machining / subtractive manufacturing process works with 3DEXPERIENCE Make, the on-demand manufacturing platform from Dassault Systèmes, and its partner ACI Groupe.
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What is CNC machining?
CNC machining is a "subtractive" manufacturing process that typically uses computerized controls and machine tools to remove layers of material from a blank (or workpiece) and produce a custom part. This method is often presented instead of additive manufacturing processes, such as 3D printing, or formative manufacturing processes, such as liquid injection molding. The automated nature of CNC machining makes it possible to create simple, high-precision parts with high accuracy; and to fabricate unique, medium-scale production series cost-effectively.
What are the main steps of CNC machining?
While the CNC machining process offers a variety of operations and capabilities, the fundamental principles of the method remain largely the same. The main steps of CNC machining are as follows:
CAD model designing
The CNC machining process begins with creating a 2D vector or 3D Computer-Aided Design (CAD) of a solid part. This can be done either in-house or by a CAD/CAM (Computer-Aided Manufacturing) design service company. CAD software allows designers and manufacturers to make a model or render their parts. They can design their products according to customized technical specifications, such as dimensions and geometries.
Once the CAD design is complete, the designer exports it to a CNC-compatible file format, such as STEP or IGES.
CAD file conversion
The formatted CAD design file passes through software, usually a CAM, to extract the part's geometry and generate the digital programming code. It will give commands to the CNC machine and manipulate the tooling to produce the custom-designed part.
Numerically controlled machines use several languages, but the best known of the CNC is the general or geometric code, called G-code. This controls when, where, and how the machine tools move. For example, when to start or stop, how fast to get to a particular point, which paths to take, etc.
Once the CNC program is generated, the operator loads it onto the CNC machine.
Machine configuration
Before the operator executes the CNC program, he must prepare the CNC tool. These steps include:
fixing the part directly in the machine, on its spindles, or in its clamps;
attaching the necessary tooling, such as drills and cutters, to the appropriate machine components.
The operator can run the CNC program once the machine is fully set up.
Machining operation execution
The CNC program acts as instructions for the CNC machine: it submits the machine controls that dictate the actions and movements of the tooling to the integrated machine computer, which operates and manipulates the tooling. Launching the program prompts the CNC tool to begin the CNC machining process, and the program guides the machine through the operation as it performs the necessary steps to manufacture a custom part or product.
Chapters in this video:
00:00 What is CNC machining?
00:50 How does CNC machining work?
01:33 What are the different types of CNC machining?
02:00 The advantages of CNC machining
02:35 The usages of CNC machining
03:15 How to find a CNC machining service online?
Official website of 3DEXPERIENCE Make: http://www.3ds.com/make/
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