cisco switch configuration VLAN Trunk Protocol (VTP)
VLAN Trunk Protocol (VTP) reduces administration in a switched network. When you configure a new VLAN on one VTP server, the VLAN is distributed through all switches in the domain. This reduces the need to configure the same VLAN everywhere. VTP is a Cisco-proprietary protocol that is available on most of the Cisco Catalyst series products.
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VTP is used to exchange VLAN information across trunk links, reducing VLAN administration and configuration errors. VTP allows you to create a VLAN once within a VTP domain and have that VLAN propagated to all other switches in the VTP domain. VTP pruning limits the unnecessary propagation of VLAN traffic across a LAN by determining which trunk ports forward which VLAN traffic. You learn to configure, verify, and troubleshoot VTP implementations.
VTP Components
There are number of key components that you need to be familiar with when learning about VTP. Here is a brief description of the components, which will be further explained as you go through the chapter.
VTP Domain-Consists of one or more interconnected switches. All switches in a domain share VLAN configuration details using VTP advertisements. A router or Layer 3 switch defines the boundary of each domain.
VTP Advertisements-VTP uses a hierarchy of advertisements to distribute and synchronize VLAN configurations across the network.
VTP Modes- A switch can be configured in one of three modes: server, client, or transparent.
VTP Server-VTP servers advertise the VTP domain VLAN information to other VTP-enabled switches in the same VTP domain. VTP servers store the VLAN information for the entire domain in NVRAM. The server is where VLANs can be created, deleted, or renamed for the domain.
VTP Client-VTP clients function the same way as VTP servers, but you cannot create, change, or delete VLANs on a VTP client. A VTP client only stores the VLAN information for the entire domain while the switch is on. A switch reset deletes the VLAN information. You must configure VTP client mode on a switch.
VTP Transparent-Transparent switches forward VTP advertisements to VTP clients and VTP servers. Transparent switches do not participate in VTP. VLANs that are created, renamed, or deleted on transparent switches are local to that switch only.
VTP Pruning-VTP pruning increases network available bandwidth by restricting flooded traffic to those trunk links that the traffic must use to reach the destination devices. Without VTP pruning, a switch floods broadcast, multicast, and unknown unicast traffic across all trunk links within a VTP domain even though receiving switches might discard them.