A Simple Machine –Pulley System
Simple machines convert a smaller amount of force applied over a longer distance to a greater amount of force acting over a shorter distance, or vice versa. They make life easy by reducing the amount of effort (not the work done as that does not change).
Pulley System offers a similar advantage. A single movable pulley system reduces the effort by almost half while effort moves twice the distance that of load. The double pulley system doubles this advantage - load reduces further by half, but the distance traveled by the effort also doubles.
Mechanical Advantage is defined as the ratio of load and effort. This tells you the quantum by which effort has been reduced by the pulley system. Velocity Ratio is the ratio of distance traveled by effort and load. As a trade-off, while the effort is reduced, the distance traveled by the effort increases in similar proportions.
The ratio of Mechanical Advantage (MA) to Velocity Ratio (VR) is defined as the efficiency of the pulley system. In practical life, it is always less than 1 due to frictional losses, the additional mass of the pulley system, and the elasticity of the components of the pulley system.
This experiment demonstrates the concept of a simple machine as applied in the pulley system.
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