Halloween/The Legend of Jack-o'-Lantern. Halloween from Plasticine
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So, what is Halloween and where does it come from?
These traditions began to emerge from the traditions of the ancient Celtic people, as early as the 5th century BC. Their calendar divided the year into two parts. The light part began in late March - early April, and the dark part of the year began in late October - early November.
Also, along with the onset of the dark part of the year, on the first three nights of November, known in Old Irish as Samhain, the Celts celebrated the New Year. Or, in Latin, "The Three Nights of Samonios." Later, several hundred years later, this holiday became known simply by the name of the month itself, that is, Samhain. Celtic culture was rich in legends and tales.
Like most ancient peoples, the Celts believed in the afterlife and the transmigration of souls. Samhain was celebrated as a holiday marking the beginning of the new year and also as a day of honoring the dead. On this day, the spirits of the dead wander the world of the living in search of a human body into which they could inhabit and live for the next year.
The Celts believed that on this day, the order of time and place was disrupted; with the onset of cold weather, nature itself died and erased the passage between our world and the other world. To prevent spirits from inhabiting their bodies, the ancient Celts extinguished all sources of heat and light in their homes, leaving them cold and uninviting to the spirits seeking shelter. At the same time, to further ward off all supernatural forces, people dressed in old, shabby clothes to resemble ghosts themselves. Thus, the Celts wandered the streets, frightening not only the ghosts but also their neighbors with their appearance. Also worth remembering is the holiday's most important attribute: lanterns made of zucchini, turnips, or beets, along with glowing coals, illuminating the way and guiding the spirits to purgatory.
At the same time, this holiday also marked the change of the agricultural season. Traditionally, on Samhain, the harvest was divided and it was decided which livestock would be slaughtered and which would survive the winter. During the holiday, bonfires were lit, the future was foretold on animal bones, and a ritual of purification by fire was performed.
Samhain was considered a purely pagan holiday, but with the advent of Christianity, the traditions and cultures of different peoples gradually intertwined and merged. The Celtic holiday of Samhain coincided with the Christian feast of All Saints' Day. This is a feast day for those saints who do not have a special day of their own. This day was intended to honor saints and martyrs.
Samhain represented the rhythm of nature, the transition from the light to the dark half of the year, and honored the dead, while Samhain represented the eternal life of the soul. The overlap of these two holidays gave rise to Halloween, short for All Hallows' Eve, celebrated annually on the night between October 31 and November 1.
Halloween combined the traditions of these two holidays; trick-or-treating originated from the Christian feast of All Saints' Day. The more treats a person collects, originally puff pastry, the more people will convert to Christianity the following year, and all the restless souls will be able to ascend to heaven. On Halloween, trick-or-treating became something mischievous, hence the expression "trick" or "trick." That is, if the host refuses to offer you anything, you can play a nasty trick on them. However, the treat also has to be earned, for example by singing a song. This can be somewhat linked to the Celtic Samhain. Uninvited guests must be taken care of now and sent away as quickly as possible, lest they bring misfortune in the coming year.
Also from the Celts came dressing up in various costumes, a kind of masquerade of monsters and ghosts. Various fortune-telling and games. And the main attribute of the holiday, a lantern made of beets or zucchini, due to its availability and affordability, was replaced by a pumpkin with eyes and a mouth carved into it. There are many theories about what exactly the pumpkin symbolized: the end of the harvest, the flame that wards off evil spirits, and also lost souls, like the flame in a lantern, stuck between heaven and earth.
There's also a legend on this subject that's far more interesting. According to the legend of Jack-o'-lantern, there once lived a very lazy, pathetic drunkard nicknamed Stingy Jack.