Devices used for comparison is iPhone 6s Plus 128 GB and an old iPad Mini 2 64 GB tablet.
This is a video showing a comparison of system performance between Apple's new iOS 12.0 against the outgoing version 11.4.1.
Apple made made the claim during their September 12, 2018 Apple event that the focus for iOS 12 was performance. Apple also claimed that their latest and greatest iOS offers not only better security but better performance for the system software and third party apps.
My testing was unscientific and based on my user experience. Testing was performed on identical iPhone 6s Plus 128GB phones as well as on an old iPad Mini 2. There was a NOTICEABLE improvement in the old iPad Mini 2 and there is no longer any stuttering or laggy movements when switching between screens and apps and using the keyboard to input characters.
Definitely a worthy upgrade for those wondering if iOS 12 would slow your legacy device down - IT ABSOLUTELY DOES NOT. Worth upgrading folks.