Recursive functions in Python are functions that call themselves repeatedly until they reach a base case that stops the recursion. Here's a breakdown:
Key Components
1. Base case: A trivial case that can be solved directly, stopping the recursion.
2. Recursive case: The function calls itself with a smaller input or a modified version of the original input.
How Recursion Works
1. The function is called with an initial input.
2. The function checks if the input matches the base case. If so, it returns a value.
3. If not, the function calls itself with a modified input (recursive case).
4. Steps 2-3 repeat until the base case is reached.
5. The final result is returned, and the function calls unwind.
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