Latitudes
Latitude defined, special latitudes, and other latitudes of interest: Equator, tropics, polar circles, land/water coverage, temperature, precipitation, wind, biomes, hurricanes, earthquakes, countries, population, and GDP by latitude.
Measurements along parallels were done for whole number latitudes along entire parallel lengths. Measurements for 1-degree latitudinal bands were centered on whole number degrees (e.g. 25 ± 0.5 degrees N) along entire parallel lengths. No measurements were converted to a density (e.g. per unit length along parallel, per unit length over land, per unit area within latitude band, or per unit area of land within latitude band).
Chapters:
0:00 Latitude defined and the Equator
0:58 Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn
1:29 Arctic Circle and Antarctic Circle
2:15 Land and Water distribution by latitude
3:10 Climates and Biomes by latitudes
5:35 Tropical storms and Earthquakes by latitude
6:29 Countries, Population, and GDP by latitude
7:50 Full latitude list & thanks for watching
Latitude list from video:
90°N North Pole
85+°N Weakest mean annual wind velocity
84-90°N All water
66.56°N Arctic Circle
66°N Most land N hemisphere
62°N Boreal forests
53°N Temperate coniferous
50°N Temperate grasses
46°N Temperate broadleaf & mixed forests
38°N Most earthquakes
37°N Mediterranean
36°N Montane grasslands & shrubs
36°N Greatest GDP
28°N Deserts & xeric shrubs
26°N Most populous
23.44°N Tropic of Cancer
18°N Most tropical storm crossings
13°N Hottest mean annual temperature
11°N Most countries N hemisphere
7°N Most annual precipitation
0°N/S Equator
3°S Most land S hemisphere (excl. Antarctica)
3°S Tropical & subtropical forests
17-18°S Most countries S hemisphere
18°S Tropical & subtropical grasses
23.44°S Tropic of Capricorn
53°S Strongest mean annual wind velocity
56-63°S All water
66.56°S Antarctic Circle
86+°S Tundra
86-90°S All land
80+°S Least annual precipitation
85+°S Coldest mean annual temperature
90°S South Pole
Sources:
Animated diagrams showing relations between Earth's axial tilt to the tropical and polar circles modified from: cmglee, NASA (2015) https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi...
Climate data: Annualized using Earth Engine from ERA5 Monthly Aggregates - Latest Climate Reanalysis Produced by ECMWF / Copernicus Climate Change Service (1979-) https://developers.google.com/earth-e...
Global circulation and precipitation diagram: https://apollo.nvu.vsc.edu/classes/me...
Global winds animation: https://az.pbslearningmedia.org/resou...
Biomes: RESOLVE Ecoregions dataset, updated in 2017 https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html...
Historical Hurricane Tracks https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html...
Global Significant Earthquake Database: National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS). NCEI/WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. doi:10.7289/V5TD9V7K
Most Countries: nwhyte (2017) Which lines of longitude and latitude pass through the most countries? https://nwhyte.livejournal.com/292972...
World Population: Center for International Earth Science Information Network - CIESIN - Columbia University. 2018. Gridded Population of the World, Version 4 (GPWv4): Population Count, Revision 11. Palisades, New York: NASA Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC). https://doi.org/10.7927/H4JW8BX5.
GDP: Wang, T., & Sun, F. (2023). Global gridded GDP under the historical and future scenarios [GDP2020.tif data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7898409