Data Handling - Maths Class 8th - Chance and Probability - Circle Graph - Chapter 5 - NCERT - CBSE
Full Exercise on Chance and Probability, fully solved. This is a video tutorial for 8th class NCERT CBSE students. For other educational stuff, subscribe and press bell icon.
Chance and Probability
Sometimes it happens that during rainy season, you carry a raincoat every day and it does not rain for many days. However, by chance, one day you forget to take the raincoat and it rains heavily on that day. Sometimes it so happens that a student prepares 4 chapters out of 5, very well for a test. But a major question is asked from the chapter that she left unprepared. Everyone knows that a particular train runs in time but the day you reach well in time it is late! You face a lot of situations such as these where you take a chance and it does not go the way you want it to. Can you give some more examples? These are examples where the chances of a certain thing happening or not happening are not equal. The chances of the train being in time or being late are not the same. When you buy a ticket which is wait listed, you do take a chance. You hope that it might get confirmed by the time you travel. We however, consider here certain experiments whose results have an equal chance of occurring.
Getting a result
You might have seen that before a cricket match starts, captains of the two teams go out to toss a coin to decide which team will bat first. What are the possible results you get when a coin is tossed? Of course, Head or Tail. Imagine that you are the captain of one team and your friend is the captain of the other team.You toss a coin and ask your friend to make the call. Can you control the result of the toss? Can you get a head if you want one? Or a tail if you want that? No, that is not possible. Such an experiment is called a random experiment. Head or Tail are the two outcomes of this experiment.
1. If you try to start a scooter, what are the possible outcomes? 2. When a die is thrown, what are the six possible outcomes? 3. When you spin the wheel shown, what are the possible outcomes? (Fig 5.9) List them. 4. You have a bag with five identical balls of different colours and you are to pull out (draw) a ball without looking at it; list the outcomes you would get
Equally likely outcomes:
A coin is tossed several times and the number of times we get head or tail is noted. Let us look at the result sheet where we keep on increasing the tosses:
Linking chances to probability : Consider the experiment of tossing a coin once. What are the outcomes? There are only two outcomes – Head or Tail. Both the outcomes are equally likely.
Outcomes as events: Each outcome of an experiment or a collection of outcomes make an event. For example in the experiment of tossing a coin, getting a Head is an event and getting a Tail is also an event
Example 3: A bag has 4 red balls and 2 yellow balls. (The balls are identical in all respects other than colour). A ball is drawn from the bag without looking into the bag. What is probability of getting a red ball? Is it more or less than getting a yellow ball?
Chance and probability related to real life: We talked about the chance that it rains just on the day when we do not carry a rain coat. What could you say about the chance in terms of probability? 2. Metrological Department predicts weather by observing trends from the data over many years in the past.
Probability of Exit Polls.
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