Value node is part of the Input - Constant node group. The Value node outputs a single float value, and it can connect to a lot of node sockets. The data conversion between float and other formats is automatic.
in this video I have covered how Value node can be connected to different sockets with data formats as Integer, float, etc., Noise texture is used to add multiple inputs from the same Value node.
I would recommend to see the below videos first before jumping into individual nodes.
1. Attributes in Geometry nodes: • Attributes in Geometry Nodes in Blender
2. Fields in Geometry nodes: • Fields in Geometry Nodes in Blender
3. What are Geometry nodes: • What are Geometry nodes in Blender?