4th Debate on Hadith Reliability with
This is a debate I had on the Historical reliability of Sunni Hadiths with a Shia. The entire debate was focused on the Stylometry argument. The Shia kept lying about the simple fact that Stylometry shows that the sayings of Prophet Muhammad SAW in Sahih Bukhari have one author. This is something apparent from the numerous studies on this topic and the Shia kept lying about this. I will post the references I used here later Insha Allah.
The reference from 1st study showing Hadiths have one author:
Author discrimination consists in checking whether two texts are written by the same author or not. In this investigation, we try to make an author discrimination between the Quran (The holy words and statements of God in the Islamic religion) and the Hadith (statements said by the prophet Muhammad). The Quran is taken in its entirety, whereas for the Prophet’s statements, we chose only the certified texts of the Bukhari book....
This investigation sheds light on an old enigma, which has not been solved for fifteen hundred years: in fact, all the results of this investigation have shown that the two books should have two different authors….
Results of all experiments have led to two main conclusions:
First, the two investigated books should have different authors;
Second, all the segments that are extracted from a unique book appear to have a certain stylistic similarity.
Author discrimination between the Holy Quran and Prophet’s statements, Halim Sayoud, 2012
Second study on Hadith authorship:
“In this investigation, two visual analytics based clustering approaches have been employed to make a visual authorship clustering of 25 religious text segments.
In the first approach (Hierarchical clustering), the resulting dendrogram shows two separated sharp clusters (the Quran cluster in the right and Hadith cluster in the left). We can see that there is no intersection between the different clusters and that the final linkage is extremely weak since the corresponding distance is very large. This result shows that there are probably two authors: Quran Author and Hadith Author.
In the second approach (Fuzzy C-mean clustering), which is an automatic clustering technique, the resulting 3D representation shows two main clusters: a Quran cluster located at the top right area and Hadith cluster located at the bottom left area of the 3D representation. Although the Quran cluster is more condensed, the two sets of text segments have been automatically organized into 2 sharp clusters (with different symbol markers), showing that there are two main authors: Quran Author and Hadith Author and that the two authors are different.
A Visual Analytics based Investigation on the Authorship of the Holy Quran, Halim Sayoud, 2015
The study on ancient Arabic texts:
“In this paper the authors investigate the authorship of some old Arabic books that are written by ten ancient Arabic travelers. Hence, several experiments of authorship attribution are conducted on these Arabic texts, by using different features such as characters, character-bigrams, character-trigrams and character-tetragrams.
Furthermore, four different classifiers are employed, namely: Stamatatos distance, Manhattan distance, Multi Layer Perceptron (MLP) and Support Vector Machines (SVM). For the evaluation task, several experiments of authorship attribution, using those features and classifiers, are conducted on the Arabic dataset (called AAAT), which contains 3 short texts from every book. Results show good authorship attribution performances with an optimal score of 90% of good attribution. Moreover, this investigation has revealed interesting results concerning the Arabic language.”
Authorship attribution of ancient texts written by ten Arabic travelers using character N-Grams, Siham Ouamour, Halim Sayoud, 2013,
The study on differences between Sahih and Fabricated Hadiths:
“Muslims rely primarily on the Quran and the Hadiths in all their spiritual life and consider them as sacred sources. If the Quran is God’s word, then the Hadiths are God’s instructions in the words of the Prophet Muhammad. Since Hadiths are transmitted through multiple narrators, they have been extensively studied to ensure their authenticity.
The purpose of this study is to detect fabricated Hadiths, or Mawdu, which is the type of Hadith most rejected by Muslim scholars. The study utilizes the central text and content of Hadith, Matn, rather than solely focusing on Hadith chain of narrators, Sanad. In order to accomplish this, we create and release the first dataset dedicated to Mawdu Hadiths, called MAHADDAT. Furthermore, we set up a Mawdu Hadith (MH) detection system based on a transformer language model, BERT, achieving a 92.47% F1MH score.”
Fabricated Hadith Detection: A Novel Matn-Based Approach With Transformer Language Models, K. Gaanoun, M.Alsuhaibani, 2022