When is it Fascism?
What is fascism? Here's a lecture explaining fascism's origins and traits.
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General:
A History of Fascism, 1914-1945 Stanley G. Payne
Fascism, Comparison and Definition Stanley G. Payne
Anatomy of Fascism Robert O. Paxton
Fascism Key Concepts in Political Theory Roger Griffin
The Nature of Fascism Roger Griffin
The Fascist Revolution Toward a General Theory of Fascism George L. Mosse
Fascism - A Very Short Introduction Kevin Passmore
Fascism A History Roger Eatwell
1848:
The European Revolutions, 1848 - 1851 Sperber, Jonathan
Revolutionary Spring 1848-1849, Christopher Clark
Italy:
Mussolini R. J. B. Bosworth
Mussolinis Intellectuals Fascist Social and Political Thought Anthony James Gregor
Mussolinis italy life under the fascist dictatorship, 1915-1945 (2007) R. J. B. Bosworth
The Birth of Fascist Ideology Sternhell et al.
The Civic Foundations of Fascism in Europe Dylan Rile
The Sacralization of Politics in Fascist Italy Emilio Gentile
Germany:
Hitler 1889-1936 Hubris Ian Kershaw
Hitler Ascent, 1889-1939 Volker Ullrich
Hitler and the Beer Hall Putsch Harold J. Gordon
The German Communists and the Rise of Nazism Conan Fischer
The Rise and Fall of the Third ReichA History of Nazi Germany William L. Shirer
Weimar and the Rise of Hitler Anthony James Nicholls
Pop:
Fascism A Warning Madeleine Albright
How Fascism Works The Politics of Us and Them Jason Stanley
Leon Trotsky: Fascism: What it is and how to fight it
Anderson, Thomas P. _The Social Debate in the French Constituent Assembly, 1848_. n.d.
Beiner, Ronald. “Machiavelli, Hobbes, and Rousseau on Civil Religion.” The Review of Politics 55, no. 4 (1993): 617–38.
“Program of the National Fascist Party (1921).”
“The Charter of Labour (1927).”
“The Manifesto of Fascist Intellectuals (1925).”
“The Manifesto of Verona (1943).”
Brooks, Thom. _Hegel’s Social and Political Philosophy_. June 3, 2021.
“Gabriele D’Annunzio’s Fiume Escapade | History Today.”
Harvard University Press. “The Sacralization of Politics in Fascist Italy.” Accessed October 18, 2025.
“Italy - Economic Crisis, Political Turmoil, Two Red Years | Britannica.” October 13, 2025.
Sorel, Georges. _Reflections on Violence_. n.d.
00:00-01:05 Intro
01:06-1:19:41 1848 Revolutions
1:19:42-3:09:01 Italian Fascism
3:09:02-4:22:43 German Fascism
4:22:44-4:55:34 What is Fascism?
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