Procedural programming is a programming paradigm based on the procedure call concept. It is one of the most fundamental and traditional forms of programming. Procedures, also known as routines, subroutines, or functions, contain a series of computational steps to be carried out.
Any given procedure might be called during a program's execution, including by other procedures or itself. Procedures aid in the modularization of a program, and the reuse of code, as a procedure can be used in multiple contexts throughout a program.
The primary focus of procedural programming is on the process; data is secondary. Procedures operate on data and can change the state of the program. This differs from other programming paradigms, like object-oriented programming, where data and operations on that data are combined into objects.
In a procedural programming language, the data of a program is separate from the procedures or actions that operate on it. Because of this, procedural programming languages may not be as intuitive when modeling problems compared to object-oriented or functional programming paradigms.
Examples of procedural programming languages include C, Fortran, and Pascal. They are often used for scripting, data manipulation, and applications where performance is critical.
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