I often experience this issue, I have Lenovo Ideapad 5 Pro AMD Ryzen 7 5800H (with AMD and Nvidia RTX GPU) laptop especially when the Windows crashed after heavy task. The issue not only miss the brightness slider but also block my monitor extension to connect, so it makes Windows can't detect my monitor although it is plugged in. This is how I fix the issue. Hope it helps!
#brightnessmissingwindows11
#brightnessnotwork
#windows11
#monitornotdetected