Printer (computing) | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Printer...)
00:03:29 1 Types of printers
00:05:44 2 Technology
00:07:05 2.1 Modern print technology
00:07:21 2.1.1 Toner-based printers
00:08:05 2.1.2 Liquid inkjet printers
00:08:29 2.1.3 Solid ink printers
00:10:15 2.1.4 Dye-sublimation printers
00:11:06 2.1.5 Thermal printers
00:11:48 2.2 Obsolete and special-purpose printing technologies
00:12:11 2.2.1 Impact printers
00:13:42 2.2.1.1 Typewriter-derived printers
00:14:34 2.2.1.2 Teletypewriter-derived printers
00:15:26 2.2.1.3 Daisy wheel printers
00:16:17 2.2.1.4 Dot-matrix printers
00:20:08 2.2.1.5 Line printers
00:24:50 2.2.2 Liquid ink electrostatic printers
00:26:15 2.2.3 Plotters
00:27:07 2.3 Other printers
00:27:54 3 Attributes
00:28:04 3.1 Printer control languages
00:29:35 3.2 Printing speed
00:30:30 3.3 Printing mode
00:31:59 3.4 Monochrome, colour and photo printers
00:32:47 3.5 Page yield
00:33:27 3.6 Cost per page
00:34:01 3.7 Business model
00:35:23 3.8 Printer steganography
00:36:06 3.9 Wireless printers
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SUMMARY
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In computing, a printer is a peripheral device which makes a persistent human-readable representation of graphics or text on paper.
The first computer printer designed was a mechanically driven apparatus by Charles Babbage for his difference engine in the 19th century; however, his mechanical printer design was not built until 2000. The first electronic printer was the EP-101, invented by Japanese company Epson and released in 1968. The first commercial printers generally used mechanisms from electric typewriters and Teletype machines. The demand for higher speed led to the development of new systems specifically for computer use. In the 1980s were daisy wheel systems similar to typewriters, line printers that produced similar output but at much higher speed, and dot matrix systems that could mix text and graphics but produced relatively low-quality output. The plotter was used for those requiring high quality line art like blueprints.
The introduction of the low-cost laser printer in 1984 with the first HP LaserJet, and the addition of PostScript in next year's Apple LaserWriter, set off a revolution in printing known as desktop publishing. Laser printers using PostScript mixed text and graphics, like dot-matrix printers, but at quality levels formerly available only from commercial typesetting systems. By 1990, most simple printing tasks like fliers and brochures were now created on personal computers and then laser printed; expensive offset printing systems were being dumped as scrap. The HP Deskjet of 1988 offered the same advantages as laser printer in terms of flexibility, but produced somewhat lower quality output (depending on the paper) from much less expensive mechanisms. Inkjet systems rapidly displaced dot matrix and daisy wheel printers from the market. By the 2000s high-quality printers of this sort had fallen under the $100 price point and became commonplace.
The rapid update of internet email through the 1990s and into the 2000s has largely displaced the need for printing as a means of moving documents, and a wide variety of reliable storage systems means that a "physical backup" is of little benefit today. Even the desire for printed output for "offline reading" while on mass transit or aircraft has been displaced by e-book readers and tablet computers. Today, traditional printers are being used more for special purposes, like printing photographs or artwork, and are no longer a must-have peripheral.
Starting around 2010, 3D printing became an area of intense interest, allowing the creation of physical objects with the same sort of effort as an early laser printer required to produce a brochure. These devices are in their earliest stages of development and have not yet become commonplace.