How to Control a Relay Module Using Optocoupler & Transistor in Proteus | Isolated Power Switching
This video demonstrates a relay module circuit using an optocoupler (PC817) and transistor (2N2222) in Proteus Software. The circuit allows you to turn on/off a 220V load ( lamp , ....) using a 5V digital signal while maintaining electrical isolation between the control logic and the high-voltage load.
Key Features:
Optocoupler (PC817): Provides galvanic isolation between the 5V control circuit and the 220V load.
Transistor Switching (2N2222): Drives the relay coil.
Flyback Diode (1N4007): Protects the transistor from voltage spikes.
LED Indicator: Shows active status.
How It Works:
Digital Input:
A 5V signal from a microcontroller activates the optocoupler’s LED.
Optocoupler Action:
The optocoupler’s phototransistor turns ON → Current flows through R2 → Transistor Q1 turns ON.
Relay Activation:
Q1 pulls the relay coil (RL1) to ground → Relay switches the 220V load (L1).
⚠️ Safety Note: Always use isolation transformers and follow safety protocols when working with high-voltage loads.
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