Why are the cells of honeycombs hexagonal?
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Why are honeycomb cells hexagonal?
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The beehive serves as both a home and a storage facility for bees. In the cells, they store their honey and raise their brood to create a hardworking army. Something very special is noticeable in the construction of the honeycomb by these industrious creatures. Why are honeycomb cells hexagonal?
For years, fascinated researchers have been trying to find out how this mathematical precision came about and why this particular geometric shape was chosen. For a bee, the question arises: Which shape would allow it to use the least amount of wax while storing the most honey? It can easily be mathematically demonstrated that the hexagon is the most efficient in this regard, considering building material, area, and assembly into a complete structure. If a circle, which has the largest area of all closed plane figures, is used, unnecessary gaps are created that go unused. Triangles or squares do fill the plane and don't create gaps, but their area is smaller than that of a hexagon using the same amount of material. Pentagons don't fill a plane at all. Hexagons most closely resemble circles; they use the least amount of material and can be assembled without creating gaps.
... For the astronomer Johannes Kepler (1571–1630), bees possessed a mathematical intelligence. René-Antoine Ferchault de Réaumur (1683–1757) wanted to use the dimensions of honeycomb cells as the basis for the unit of length, which, as we know today, didn't work out. The cell walls are exactly the same thickness, smooth to within a thousandth of a millimeter, and the angles of the hexagons are precisely 120 degrees. If that isn't perfect architecture! Although you can observe the bees working the walls with their legs and mouthparts, some explanations have emerged that might even seem far-fetched. The most modern explanation is that heater bees enter the initially round cells and heat the walls and floors to a temperature of 40 degrees Celsius. The wax is warmed, and the cells are stretched. Through a physical process, the hexagonal cells then form, comparable to two soap bubbles colliding and creating a smooth wall between them.
... Sources:
https://www.n-tv.de/wissen/frageantwo...
https://www.bee-careful.com/de/initia...
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bienenwabe
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