The road to understanding the control of cell growth, and how it is altered in cancer, is paved with RNA and DNA tumor viruses. Starting with Peyton Rous and his retrovirus that causes tumors in chickens, we move through the discoveries that revealed how photo-oncogenes regulate the mitogenic cycle, and the DNA tumor viruses that push cells through mitosis so they can replicate their genomes. These studies reveal how viruses transform cells - putting them on the road to cancer.