This video discusses a paper that models how immigration of humans into pre-historic Europe displaced and replaced the native Neanderthals. It also discusses the relevance to European society today, which faces many of the same threats.
The paper: A parsimonious neutral model suggests Neanderthal replacement was determined by migration and random species drift
Link to paper: https://www.nature.com/articles/s4146...
Data on fertility rates by nation: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/...