Homophobia Explained 7/8
Jones (Kirkpatrick 2000, comments), referring to Rice (1992), Lessells (1999), and Hamer and Copeland (1998), embraces the theory that genes for optimal traits in females may express low levels of fitness in males. However supporters of this hypothesis may wish to explain just why inferior fitness should be correlated with homosexuality, it remains to be seen whether or not the hypothesized sexually antagonistic genes will be evolutionarily stable if the females' increase in fitness is only somatic but not reproductive; if it is also reproductive, then the resulting hypothesis will not significantly differ from that offered by Camperio Ciani (2004).
Homophobia seems well accountable by the "sneaky male" hypothesis involving trick and betrayal perpetrated by "homosexual" individuals who do fertilize mates of a pack's or harem's alpha or beta-males behind their backs. This hypothesis, however, hardly accounts for exclusively homosexual mating behavior. According to Rogers and Turner (1991), most adult men with homosexual relations during the preceding year have had little or no adult heterosexual experience. Sneaky males may not even be necessary for explaining homophobia: