EX: The General Social Survey (GSS) is a sociological survey used to c
EX: The General Social Survey (GSS) is a sociological survey used to collect information and keep a historical record of the concerns, experiences, attitudes, behaviors, and practices of U.S. residents. The GSS has been conducted since 1972 and is considered to be one of the most reliable and widely-used data sources for sociology researchers. It contains a standard core of demographic, behavioral, and attitudinal questions, and a second group of questions on special topics. The GSS data for all years since 1972 is available at: https://gssdataexplorer.norc.org/. You can click ‘Explore GSS Data’ to get started. Using keyword searches, find and select any one survey question and variable associated with one of the following concepts (choose only one): happiness; social class; and mental health. Concept chosen: 1. Briefly describe how this concept has been operationalized by the GSS as a survey question and variable. 2. Mention the categories provided for this survey question and what type of scaling has been used (e.g., binary or Likert). 3. Identify the level of measurement of data (nominal, ordinal, interval, or ratio) for this variable. EX 1: Based on a national survey, C. Ellison and K. Anderson (2001) examined the relationship between religious involvement and domestic violence among U.S. couples. Several previous studies had shown that regular religious attendance is inversely related to abuse among both men and women. The researchers analyzed several extraneous variables including respondents’ age, education, employment status, and psychological depression. 1. Select one of the above variables and explain how it could create a spurious association between religious involvement and partner violence. 2. The researchers hypothesized that “religious communities may reduce the risk of abuse by enhancing the levels of social integration and support enjoyed by their members.” Are they hypothesizing that the relationship between religion and abuse is spurious? Explain