Types Of Railways रेलवे के प्रकार
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Types Of Railways
How many types of railway tracks are
there in the world? Probably more than you think. Types of railway tracks can
be divided from different aspects such as the rail gauge, the construction
form, etc.
Railway tracks with different rail gauges
Rail gauge is the distance between the rails of a @ or the wheels of a train.
Generally, the types of railway track gauges can be divided into the standard gauge, the narrow gauge, and the broad gauge. The most common gauge is standard gauge 1435mm (4 feet 8 1/2 inches). Gauges narrower than 1435mm are called narrow gauge while wider than 1435mm are called broad gauge.
The standard gauge railway track has a total of 720,000 kilometres in the world. It only accounts for 60% of the world’s railways. The Cape Gauge railways, one kind of narrow gauge tracks,
ranks third in the world in terms of utilization. With a total of more than
110,000 kilometres, cape gauge railway tracks account for approximately
11% of the world’s railways. Besides, there are various gauges such as Indian
gauge, Iberian gauge, Russian gauge, metre gauge, etc.
The
standard gauge railway track
The standard gauge is 1435mm (4 feet
8 1/2 inches) wide and one of the most historic gauges. There is a story of the
standard gauge dates back to the ancient Roman era. The roads at that time were
far less paved than they are now, and most of them were made of dirt.
Therefore, the carriages ran back and forth gradually left deep wheel marks on
the ground. A carriage with the same width as this wheel mark will run very
easily, but a carriage with a different width will risk the wheels accidentally
falling into the ditch and damage the carriage. Over time, carriages in the
same area had become the same track. After Emperor Nishizawa ruled the empire,
he issued an edict requiring all of Rome to use the same carriage wheelbase,
and even the new paved stone road would leave grooves for wheels to travel!
From the historical sites, we can know now that the carriage gauge is 4 feet 9
inches, which is very close to the width of the standard gauge. But does it
matter if it is passed down? There are different opinions on this part. The
initiator of the standard gauge is George Stephenson. A more romantic view is
that he just saw the excavation of a Roman monument, so he decided to set the
gauge to this width. But it is more likely that this is just a simple
coincidence. The width of the standard gauge is the same as asses of two horses.
In the earliest days, the train was a product that replaced the rail-type
wagon. Naturally, it would adapt to the existing track width, so this
“standard” appeared!
Did everyone follow the 1435mm width
from the beginning? The answer is no. The Great Western Railway built by
Isambard Brunel uses an invincible wide track of 2140mm.