NDSS 2025 - YuraScanner: Leveraging LLMs for Task-driven Web App Scanning
SESSION
Session 2B: Web Security
Network and Distributed System Security (NDSS) Symposium 2025, 24 February – 28 February 2025 in San Diego, California.
PAPER
YuraScanner: Leveraging LLMs for Task-driven Web App Scanning
https://www.ndss-symposium.org/wp-con...
Web application scanners are popular and effective black-box testing tools, automating the detection of vulnerabilities by exploring and interacting with user interfaces. Despite their effectiveness, these scanners struggle with discovering deeper states in modern web applications due to their limited understanding of workflows. This study addresses this limitation by introducing YuraScanner, a task-driven web application scanner that leverages large-language models (LLMs) to autonomously execute tasks and workflows.
YuraScanner operates as a goal-based agent, suggesting actions to achieve predefined objectives by processing webpages to extract semantic information. Unlike traditional methods that rely on user-provided traces, YuraScanner uses LLMs to bridge the semantic gap, making it web application-agnostic. Using the XSS engine of Black Widow, YuraScanner tests discovered input points for vulnerabilities, enhancing the scanning process's comprehensiveness and accuracy.
We evaluated YuraScanner on 20 diverse web applications, focusing on task extraction, execution accuracy, and vulnerability detection. The results demonstrate YuraScanner's superiority in discovering new attack surfaces and deeper states, significantly improving vulnerability detection. Notably, YuraScanner identified 12 unique zero-day XSS vulnerabilities, compared to three by Black Widow. This study highlights YuraScanner's potential to revolutionize web application scanning with its automated, task-driven approach.
AUTHORS
Aleksei Stafeev (CISPA Helmholtz Center for Information Security), Tim Recktenwald (CISPA Helmholtz Center for Information Security), Gianluca De Stefano (CISPA Helmholtz Center for Information Security), Soheil Khodayari (CISPA Helmholtz Center for Information Security), Giancarlo Pellegrino (CISPA Helmholtz Center for Information Security)
ABOUT NDSS
The Network and Distributed System Security Symposium (NDSS) fosters information exchange among researchers and practitioners of network and distributed system security. The target audience includes those interested in practical aspects of network and distributed system security, with a focus on actual system design and implementation. A major goal is to encourage and enable the Internet community to apply, deploy, and advance the state of available security technologies.
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