This computer science video describes the bitwise operation XOR. It explains how the XOR (eXclusive OR) operation works with unsigned integers and how the XOR operation can be used with a bitmask to manipulate the contents of a register containing bit flags. It also demonstrates how the XOR operation can be used in symmetric key cryptography and is therefore fundamental to a number of modern cryptosystems. The equivalent XOR operators are demonstrated in VB.NET, JavaScript and Python.