5 Types of Firewalls
First, what is a firewall? It's a piece of software or hardware designed to block unauthorized access to a private network, while still allowing that private network to communicate outside of it (for instance, a network at your office doesn't want cyber criminals getting into the network, but it does want employees to still be able to access the Internet, send emails, etc).
1) Packet filtering firewall
A packet is a small group of data being sent across a network or the Internet, and a packet filtering firewall compares all of the packets to each other and to what it thinks should be allowed, and drops anything that doesn't fit that criteria.
2) Circuit-level gateways
This concept works similarly to the packet filtering way, but instead looks at what network or remote system is trying to connect to you, and only allows those that it thinks are legitimate. This does not evaluate packets at all though, just the connectors.
3) Stateful inspection firewalls
This is essentially a combination of packet filtering firewalls and circuit-level gateway firewalls. This is more secure than either, but also causes network performance to drop more than either.
4) Application-level gateways
This is sometimes called a proxy firewall, and acts like a combination of a packet filtering firewall and circuit-level gateway because it filters packets not just based on a bunch of other chosen characteristics. It can be pretty secure, but also is tough to configure and can also drain network performance.
5) Next-generation firewall
This is essentially a stateful inspection that is capable of looking a lot deeper into the packet information that is being sent, which is why the term "deep packet inspection" is often associated with it.
Which one is best for you? Well, that depends on your organization, your network, and what you're trying to protect against, and all of that is probably a whole separate video for another time. Until next time, have a good one everybody.
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