Social media has become a den of censorship, with free expression resulting in everything from soft "shadowbans" to outright bans and silencing. In this video I cover the topic of psychological reactance and how it related to social media, censorship, including self-censorship, and the future of free speech on the Internet.
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References:
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Behrouzian, G., Nisbet, E. C., Dal, A., & Çarkoğlu, A. (2016). Resisting censorship: How citizens navigate closed media environments. International Journal of Communication, 10, 23.
Brehm, J. W. (1966). A theory of psychological reactance.
Epstein, R., Robertson, R., Shepherd, S., Zhang, S. (2017) A method for detecting bias in search rankings, with evidence of systematic bias related to the 2016 presidential election. Paper presented at the 97th annual meeting of the Western Psychological Association, Sacramento, CA, April 27.
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Seligman, M. E. P. (1975) Helplessness. San Francisco, C.A. Freeman.
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Steindl, C., Jonas, E., Sittenthaler, S., Traut-Mattausch, E., & Greenberg, J. (2015). Understanding psychological reactance: New developments and findings. Zeitschrift für Psychologie.
Worchel, S., & Arnold, S. E. (1973). The effects of censorship and attractiveness of the censor on attitude change. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 9(4), 365-377.
Wortman, C. B., & Brehm, J. W. (1975). Responses to uncontrollable outcomes: An integration of reactance theory and the learned helplessness model. Advances in experimental social psychology, 8, 277-336.
Zhong, Z. J., Wang, T., & Huang, M. (2017). Does the great fire wall cause self-censorship? The effects of perceived internet regulation and the justification of regulation. Internet Research. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1108/IntR-07-2016-...
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