The distinction between Repeated measures and Replicate with example
The replicate observations of the response variable (𝑦_1,𝑦_2,…,𝑦_𝑁) are measured at each level of the explanatory variable. These are the data points, each usually obtained from a different subject to ensure that the sample size reflects 𝑁 independent replicates (i.e. it is not inflated by non-independent data 'pseudo replication').
Repeated measures: The experimenter sets the factors at predetermined levels, run production, and measure the quality of n products. Then he/she resets the factor levels and repeats the above procedure. He/she continues this repeatition until n quality measurements have been taken for each setting.
Replicates: After each quality measurement of a product, the experimenter sets the factors at predetermined levels and runs production. He/she must ensure that all the settings get equal measurement count.
The variability between measurements taken at the same factor settings tends to be greater for replicates than for repeats because the machine is reset before each run.
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