Can I change my name at the registry office?
Can I change my name at the registry office? @explicandoodireito
Have you ever felt the urge to change your name? This desire is often strong for people who have experienced uncomfortable or unusual situations regarding their name: whether because they were constantly bullied as children, or because over time, their nickname ends up becoming their primary name (Jaqueline, which becomes Jaque, for example).
The fact is that changing your name in Brazil has always involved a series of bureaucratic procedures, including hiring a lawyer and filing a lawsuit for a judge to authorize the change.
However, this reality has recently changed, as a new law, No. 14,382/22, introduced several modifications to simplify the procedures related to public records of legal acts and transactions covered by Law No. 6,015/1973 (Public Records Law).
What is required to change your name? According to the new law, anyone who turns 18 can request a change to their first name (which is their first name, for example, from João to José), without needing to provide a justification and regardless of a court order. The change is made through a direct endorsement at the registry office.
However, it's important to note: the change can only be made at the registry office once, and undoing the change can only be requested through a court proceeding.
Another important point is that the name change must include your previous name (i.e., your birth certificate will state that your previous name was João and was changed to José, for example), your ID, CPF, passport, and voter registration numbers. This information will be included on all requested certificates. The registry office will also notify all agencies issuing ID cards, CPFs, and passports, as well as the Superior Electoral Court, that the change has been made. What if the notary public suspects fraud, falsehood, bad faith, willful misrepresentation, or deception when requesting a name change? In this case, they can deny the request, but must provide reasons for their decision.
Is it possible to change your last name as well?
Yes! In the past, according to the Senate Agency, first or last names had to be immutable because the State identified each person by name and parentage. But this is no longer necessarily the case. Currently, this is done through a number from a unified database. Therefore, even if you change your first name, last name, or even gender, your ID, CPF, and passport numbers remain the same.
After these changes, if you wish to change your last name at the notary public, it is entirely possible, but the law already determines specific cases in which this can be done:
• Inclusion of other family surnames;
• Inclusion or exclusion of your spouse's surname during marriage;
• Remove the surname of a former spouse after the end of a marriage, and finally, to include or remove surnames due to changes in filiation, including for descendants, spouses, or partners of the person whose status has changed.
How to change your name at the registry office?
Once you have been properly informed and are certain you want to change your name, you must:
1. Go in person and submit your request directly to any civil registry office in Brazil, bringing your ID, CPF, and updated birth certificate. You must be at least 18 years old to request a name change;
2. Pay a fee that, depending on the state, can vary in amount;
3. After completing the procedure, the registry office will inform all agencies that issue ID cards, CPFs, and passports, as well as the Superior Electoral Court, so they are aware of the change. It's also worth mentioning that the new law doesn't change anything about change requests already made in other cases, such as for transgender and transsexual people, witness protection, and in cases of well-known and recognized nicknames, the latter two of which can only be done with judicial authorization.
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