All About Stem Cells - Cell Potency & Stem Cell Types (Updated 2020)
This video is all about stem cell terminology. Classification of stem cells based on their cell potency (ability to differentiate) and their source. I have explained totipotent, pluripotent, multipotent, oligopotent, unipotent, embryonic stem cells, adult stem cells (somatic stem cells), umbilical cord stem cells and induced pluripotent stem call, it's all about stem cells basics.
01:00 Analogy to understand the cell potency concept of stem cells.
02:23 Totipotent stem cells - “totus” means “whole”. The ability of zygote to differentiate into cell types that can create an entire organism is called totipotency. That is why a zygote is a totipotent cell.
03:40 Pluripotent Stem cells - “pluri” means “several”. The inner cell mass of the blastocyst has the ability to differentiate into any three types of germ layers which can give rise to all 200+ cell types in our body except placenta, amniotic sac etc. This ability of inner cell mass is called pluripotency. That is why inner cell mass is source of pluripotent stem cells.
04:54 Multipotent Stem cells - “multi” in this case means “many”. Pluripotent cells, as we already establish can differentiate in any of the cell type but multipotent cell would be more specified for one or more cell lines e.g., mesenchymal stem cell differentiates to form bone, cartilage, connective tissue, adipose tissue etc. Hematopoietic stem cells gives rise to blood cells. So mesenchymal stem cell and hematopoietic stem cells are examples of multipotent stem cells.
06:01 Oligopotent Stem cells - "oligo = few". These cells can differentiate into lesser number of closely related cell types. Example of oligopotent stem cell is heamatopoietic progenitor cells. e.g., lymphoid progenitor cells give rise to T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes and Natural killer cells.
07:24 Unipotent Stem cells - "uni=single". Unipotent stem cells have ability to differentiate into only single types of cells. They are the least potent stem cells. e.g., muscle stem cells can differentiate only into muscle cells.
08:25 Embryonic stem cells derived from inner cell mass and are pluripotent.
09:14 Adult or somatic stem cells derived from the mature tissues and are multipotent.
10:17 Umbilical cord stem cells derived from umbilical cord after birth and are multipotent (some pluripotent stem cells are also observed).
10:56 Induced pluripotent stem cells - made artificially when specialised stem cells are reprogrammed to become pluripotent.
This video explains the difference between totipotent, pluripotent and multipotent stem cells. Stem cells are undifferentiated, unspecialized cells which mean stem cells can differentiate into any type of cell present in our body and we have around 200+ cell types in our body and stem cell can give rise to any of them.
And hey don't forget the infographics from my instagram @rupalgogia
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