Urartu.
Historical scholarship discovered Urartu in the early 19th century, when researchers noted the medieval Armenian historian Movses Khorenatsi's account of the Assyrian queen Shamiram (Semiramis)'s participation in the construction of a city on the shores of Lake Van. In 1827, the French Asiatic Society sent the first explorer to the lake region—the young scholar Friedrich Schulz. In 1829, he died in an attack by local bandits, but his findings reached France by 1840 and were published. Schultz sketched the cuneiform inscriptions he discovered and provided the first description of the Van Rock, the ancient residence of the Urartian kings in the capital of Urartu, Tushpa. Further research determined that the inscriptions were not in Assyrian, although European researchers had previously considered the ruins near Van and the Urartian inscriptions to be traces of Assyrian culture, and Urartu remained a "forgotten kingdom" since the 5th century BC.