SSL or https as it is often interchanged with is the method of providing encryption on a website. This means that the data sent from visitors to your site (think login forms or transactions) to the server where the website is hosted is encrypted an secure.
This video talks briefly about how this works, what to look out for in terms of knowing when a website is secure and how to get an SSL certificate setup to make your website run over https and give peace of mind to your visitors.