Thomas-Alexandre Dumas | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
Thomas-Alexandre Dumas
00:03:39 1 Ancestry
00:04:18 1.1 Father
00:04:26 1.1.1 Noble pedigree
00:05:46 1.1.2 Career in Saint-Domingue
00:08:07 1.2 Mother
00:09:56 1.2.1 Death
00:11:01 2 Names
00:12:20 3 Appearance
00:13:08 4 Early life
00:15:45 5 Military career
00:15:54 5.1 Enlistment and service in the Queen's Dragoons
00:18:39 5.2 Second-in-command of the Black Legion
00:19:45 5.3 Commander-in-chief of the Army of the Western Pyrenees
00:20:36 5.4 Commander-in-chief of the Army of the Alps
00:21:58 5.5 Commander-in-chief of the Army of the West (1793) in the Vendée
00:23:03 5.6 General in the Army of the Rhine (France)
00:23:25 5.7 General in the Army of Italy
00:23:35 5.7.1 Siege of Mantua
00:24:37 5.7.2 Campaign in Northern Italy
00:26:25 5.8 Commander of Cavalry in the French Campaign in Egypt
00:30:28 5.9 Imprisonment in the Kingdom of Naples
00:31:54 6 Political views
00:32:43 7 Marriage and family
00:33:28 8 Later years and death
00:34:37 9 Legacy and honors
00:36:51 10 See also
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SUMMARY
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Thomas-Alexandre Dumas Davy de la Pailleterie (French: [tɔma alɛksɑ̃dʁ dyma davi də la pajətʁi]; also known as Alexandre Dumas; 25 March 1762 – 26 February 1806) was a general in Revolutionary France and after Abram Petrovich Gannibal in Imperial Russia, was one of the highest-ranking men of African descent ever in a European army. He was the first person of color in the French military to become brigadier general, the first to become divisional general, and the first to become general-in-chief of a French army. Dumas and Toussaint Louverture (appointed a general-in-chief in 1797) were the two highest-ranking officers of sub-Saharan African descent in the Western world until 1975, when "Chappie" James achieved the equivalent rank of four-star general in the United States Air Force.
Born in Saint-Domingue, Thomas-Alexandre was the son of the Marquis Alexandre Antoine Davy de la Pailleterie, a white French nobleman and Marie-Cessette Dumas, an enslaved woman of African descent. He was born into slavery because of his mother's status but was also born into nobility because of his father's. His father took the boy with him to France in 1776 and had him educated. Slavery had been illegal in metropolitan France since 1315 and thus any slave would be freed de facto by being in the country. His father helped Thomas-Alexandre enter the French military.
Dumas played a pivotal role in the French Revolutionary Wars. Entering the military as a private at age 24, Dumas rose by age 31 to command 53,000 troops as the General-in-Chief of the French Army of the Alps. Dumas's strategic victory in opening the high Alps passes enabled the French to initiate their Second Italian Campaign against the Austrian Empire. During the battles in Italy, Austrian troops nicknamed Dumas as the Schwarzer Teufel ("Black Devil," Diable Noir in French). The French—notably Napoleon—nicknamed him "the Horatius Cocles of the Tyrol" (after a hero who had saved ancient Rome) for single-handedly defeating a squadron of enemy troops at a bridge over the Eisack River in Clausen (today Klausen, or Chiusa, Italy).
Dumas served as commander of the French cavalry forces on the Expédition d’Égypte, a failed French attempt to conquer Egypt and the Levant. On the march from Alexandria to Cairo, he clashed verbally with the Expedition's supreme commander Napoleon Bonaparte, under whom he had served in the Italian campaigns. In March 1799, Dumas left Egypt on an unsound vessel, which was forced to put aground in the southern Italian Kingdom of Naples, where he was taken prisoner and thrown into a dungeon. He languished there until the spring of 1801.
Returning to France after his release, he and his wife had a son, Alexandre Dumas, who became one of France's most widely read authors of all time. Alexandre Dumas Junior's most famous characters were inspired by his father's life. The general’s grandson, Alexandre Dumas, fils ...