C++ Programming Tutorial #19 : Reading from stdin, writing to stdout. & "EOF"
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In this section we learn how to read characters one at a time from stdin, and use the special "End of file" marker to determine when to quit. I've also included a ".c" equivalent program for comparison, that doesn't actually do exactly what our example does. In fact our 24 byte program does a little more than the 45,056 byte c program does, after "compile and link"; two operations left unexplained in this section.