Building the Software 2.0 Stack (Andrej Karpathy)

Опубликовано: 12 Июль 2026
на канале: Papers With Backtest
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A lot of our code is in the process of being transitioned from Software 1.0 (code written by humans) to Software 2.0 (code written by an optimization, commonly in the form of neural network training). In the new paradigm, much of the attention of a developer shifts from designing an explicit algorithm to curating large, varied, and clean datasets, which indirectly influence the code. I will provide a number of examples of this ongoing transition, cover the advantages and challenges of the new stack, and outline multiple opportunities for new tooling.

Enjoy the video!

0:00 - Introduction
0:42 - Decomposition
2:15 - Machine Learning
3:36 - Framework
4:53 - Evaluation
5:39 - Al Tesla
7:23 - Programming with the 20 Stack
9:04 - Why is this so complex
11:00 - Data imbalance
12:00 - Auto Wiper
13:25 - Takeaways
15:17 - Cleaning Datasets