Diesel engines | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_...
00:02:33 1 History
00:02:42 1.1 Diesel's idea
00:08:16 1.2 The first diesel engine
00:10:56 1.3 Timeline
00:11:05 1.3.1 1890s
00:14:30 1.3.2 1900s
00:15:48 1.3.3 1910s
00:17:29 1.3.4 1920s
00:18:43 1.3.5 1930s
00:21:06 1.3.6 1940s
00:21:37 1.3.7 1950s
00:23:03 1.3.8 1960s
00:23:35 1.3.9 1970s
00:24:35 1.3.10 1980s
00:25:42 1.3.11 1990s
00:27:25 1.3.12 2000s
00:29:12 1.3.13 2010s
00:30:10 2 Operating principle
00:30:19 2.1 Characteristics
00:32:08 2.2 Cycle of the diesel engine
00:37:21 2.3 Efficiency
00:38:40 2.4 Major advantages
00:41:43 3 Fuel injection
00:43:31 3.1 Torque controlling
00:45:16 3.2 Types of fuel injection
00:45:26 3.2.1 Air-blast injection
00:46:13 3.2.2 Indirect injection
00:47:42 3.2.3 Helix-controlled direct injection
00:49:14 3.2.4 Unit direct injection
00:50:05 3.2.5 Common rail direct injection
00:51:15 4 Types
00:51:30 4.1 By power output
00:51:40 4.2 By cylinder bore
00:52:25 4.3 By number of strokes
00:52:39 4.4 By piston and connecting rod
00:52:57 4.5 By cylinder arrangement
00:53:43 4.6 By engine speeds
00:54:02 4.6.1 High-speed engines
00:54:43 4.6.2 Medium-speed engines
00:56:02 4.6.3 Low-speed engines
00:57:07 5 Two-stroke engines
00:58:58 6 Dual-fuel diesel engines
00:59:32 7 Diesel engine particularities
00:59:43 7.1 Torque and power
01:05:00 7.2 Mass
01:05:33 7.3 Emissions
01:07:55 7.4 Noise
01:08:51 7.5 Cold weather starting
01:10:39 7.6 Supercharging and turbocharging
01:12:58 8 Fuel and fluid characteristics
01:15:27 8.1 Fuel types
01:18:17 8.2 Modern diesel fuel properties
01:18:27 8.3 Gelling
01:19:25 9 Safety
01:19:34 9.1 Fuel flammability
01:20:18 9.2 Cancer
01:20:38 10 Applications
01:20:54 10.1 Passenger cars
01:22:29 10.2 Commercial vehicles and lorries
01:23:54 10.3 Railroad rolling stock
01:25:58 10.4 Watercraft
01:27:20 10.5 Non-road diesel engines
01:27:59 10.6 Stationary diesel engines
01:29:01 11 Low heat rejection engines
01:29:59 12 Future developments
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SUMMARY
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The diesel engine (also known as a compression-ignition or CI engine), named after Rudolf Diesel, is an internal combustion engine in which ignition of the fuel, which is injected into the combustion chamber, is caused by the elevated temperature of the air in the cylinder due to the mechanical compression (adiabatic compression). Diesel engines work by compressing only the air. This increases the air temperature inside the cylinder to such a high degree that atomised diesel fuel injected into the combustion chamber ignites spontaneously. With the fuel being injected into the air just before combustion, the dispersion of the fuel is uneven; this is called a heterogeneous air-fuel mixture. The process of mixing air and fuel happens almost entirely during combustion, the oxygen diffuses into the flame, which means that the diesel engine operates with a diffusion flame. The torque a diesel engine produces is controlled by manipulating the air ratio; this means, that instead of throttling the intake air, the diesel engine relies on altering the amount of fuel that is injected, and the air ratio is usually high.
The diesel engine has the highest thermal efficiency (engine efficiency) of any practical internal or external combustion engine due to its very high expansion ratio and inherent lean burn which enables heat dissipation by the excess air. A small efficiency loss is also avoided compared with two-stroke non-direct-injection gasoline engines since unburned fuel is not present at valve overlap and therefore no fuel goes directly from the intake/injection to the exhaust. Low-speed diesel engines (as used in ships and other applications where overall engine weight is relatively unimportant) can reach effective efficiencies of up to 55%.Diesel engines may be designed as eith ...