Deep-sea drilling is performed from a vessel held in place by propellers controlled by a computer using satellite navigation data. Drilling creates a localized disruption of the seabed (within a radius of several tens of centimeters) to a depth of 1,000 meters or more. Drilling fluid components are pumped from the vessel into the borehole, facilitating the drilling process. Various hydrothermal solutions penetrate the seabed surface from the borehole depth. The process of lowering and raising the drill string, which contains metal pipes and geophysical instruments for downhole geophysical surveys, forces fluid circulation within and at the wellhead, facilitating the penetration of foreign impurities into the bottom layer. The wellbore's bottom may penetrate oil, gas (or other types of) accumulations, which, due to their lower density along the wellbore, will reach the bottom and contribute to the contamination of not only the bottom but also the entire water column, including the sea surface, for many kilometers around. These circumstances are the most significant factors in environmental pollution. The issues of eliminating the consequences of environmental pollution during offshore drilling at great depths are poorly understood. Their solution is often determined by the technical capabilities of human work at depth.
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