6 Installing Kali Linux Operating System
Kali Linux (formerly known as BackTrack) is an open-source Linux distro developed and funded by Offensive Security.
It’s basically an ethical hacker's dream operating system, because it has most of the tools you'll ever need built-in. From Metasploit to JohntheRipper to the one and only Aircrack-ng, this OS has it all.
But enough of the history lesson. Let’s jump right in and learn how to install Kali Linux on your computer.
Requirements
Before we carry on, you should know that this is the process for installing on the bare system itself and you should do this with extreme caution.
If you wish to dual boot your machine, you will need to partition your hard drive to give Kali at least 20 GB of hard disk space and then install it on that partition.
Now you are going to need some ingredients for this masterpiece:
A Computer (Minimum Requirements: 20GB Hard Disk space, 2GB RAM, Intel Core i3 or AMD E1 equivalent)
A USB stick (6 GB or more)
A Kali .iso file
Rufus (To create a bootable drive)
A really cool head (Trust me, you’ll need it 🥶)
How to Install Kali Linux on Your Computer – Step by Step
Step 1: Download the iso file
Go to kali.org and hit the download button.
The Kali Homepage
The Kali Homepage | Credit: kali.org
What you're trying to get is an iso file, which is just a way of packaging software. Operating systems are usually packed like this (but also malicious software, so be careful where you get them💀).
Here you are given a lot of options, but go for the ‘Bare Metal’. There are options for 64-bit, 32-bit, and Apple M1 here (though I have no clue why the last one exists). Choose the tab applicable to your system, and download the Installer. For torrent lovers, the torrent is also available.
The Installer option
The Installer option | Credit: kali.org
Step 2: Create a bootable drive
You can download Rufus from rufus.ie (Rufus 3.18 as at the time of writing). In order to make the stick bootable, we are going to run Rufus and make a few changes.
Connect the stick and select it under the ‘Device’ options. Under ‘Boot selection’ select your newly downloaded Kali iso file. Now for the tricky part.
The Rufus Software
The Rufus Software | Credit: Mercury
Before we proceed, a quick lesson: a partition scheme/table is the format in which a hard disk saves data. Think of it like your video files saved in .mp4 or .mkv – they are both videos but different formats.
Most computers have one of the following formats: GPT (GUID Partition Table) or MBR (Master Boot Record). You may not be able to boot your drive if you pick the wrong option here.
Summary of it all: Pick the MBR option if the computer is old or using a legacy BIOS. Pick GPT if it is a newer computer and using a UEFI BIOS. If the drive doesn’t show up in the boot menu, change to the other option and try again.
You could also go to the advanced drive properties and check the box with ‘Add fixes for old BIOSes’. This should make the drive more compatible with your computer if it is a very old one. And by old, I mean ancient 👴.
How to prepare the USB stick
How to prepare the USB stick | Credit: Mercury
Back to easier ground now, you can leave the default format options. Hit the Start Button and wait for the image to be written to the stick (This takes some time so, relax 😌).
Step 3: Access the Kali Installer Menu
To boot the computer from the new Kali USB stick, you’ll need to disable secure boot if it is enabled in the BIOS settings.
You may need to do a little research into how to access your BIOS and boot menu. It usually involves spamming (continuously pressing) a key on your keyboard when the computer starts to boot.
As mentioned before, if you are dual booting, take note of the partition size you made for Kali so you don’t overwrite your other OS (been there, done that 😢).
A Legacy BIOS
A Legacy BIOS | Credit: VMware
After disabling secure boot, we can finally boot to the drive. At startup, you’ll have to access the boot menu and then choose the stick you just made. You should be welcomed with the Kali Installer Menu.
The Kali Installer Menu
The Kali Installer Menu | Credit: Mercury
Note: You can also edit the boot menu configuration in the BIOS menu, but that is permanent and may need to be changed post-installation. It is usually preferred to find a way to access the boot menu when starting up the computer, as this will only be a temporary configuration.
The installer menu only allows the keyboard for input so you’ll have to use the arrow keys, Enter, and Esc to navigate it.
Step 4: Begin the installation
Select graphical install, and you can now use your mouse. Select your preferred language, region, and keyboard layout in the following menus:
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