Gnosticism | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnosticism
00:02:11 1 Etymology
00:04:59 2 Origins
00:06:44 2.1 Judeo-Christian origins
00:12:39 2.2 Neoplatonic influences
00:13:55 2.3 Persian origins or influences
00:15:09 2.4 Buddhist parallels
00:15:58 3 Characteristics
00:16:07 3.1 Cosmology
00:16:53 3.2 Dualism and monism
00:17:47 3.3 Moral and ritual practice
00:18:43 4 Concepts
00:18:53 4.1 Monad
00:20:38 4.2 Pleroma
00:21:54 4.3 Emanation
00:22:25 4.4 Aeon
00:23:33 4.5 Sophia
00:25:24 4.6 Demiurge
00:27:22 4.7 Archon
00:28:15 4.8 Other concepts
00:29:54 5 Jesus as Gnostic saviour
00:30:47 6 Development
00:33:58 7 Relation with early Christianity
00:34:17 7.1 Orthodoxy and heresy
00:35:37 7.2 Historical Jesus
00:37:05 7.3 Johannine literature
00:38:50 7.4 Paul and Gnosticism
00:40:48 8 Major movements
00:40:57 8.1 Syrian-Egyptian Gnosticism
00:42:52 8.1.1 Sethite-Barbeloite
00:46:36 8.1.2 Samaritan Baptist sects
00:48:56 8.1.3 Valentinianism
00:52:19 8.1.4 Thomasine traditions
00:52:50 8.1.5 Marcion
00:54:20 8.1.6 Hermeticism
00:54:37 8.1.7 Other Gnostic groups
00:56:31 8.2 Persian Gnosticism
00:57:13 8.2.1 Manichaeism
01:00:49 8.2.2 Mandaeanism
01:02:45 8.3 Middle Ages
01:04:19 8.3.1 Influence on Islam
01:08:34 8.3.2 Kabbalah
01:10:14 8.4 Modern times
01:13:22 9 Sources
01:13:31 9.1 Heresiologists
01:16:28 9.2 Gnostic texts
01:18:17 10 Academic studies
01:18:26 10.1 Development
01:22:31 10.2 Definitions of Gnosticism
01:23:35 10.2.1 Typologies
01:26:18 10.2.2 Traditional approaches – Gnosticism as Christian heresy
01:27:07 10.2.3 Phenomenological approaches
01:27:46 10.2.4 Restricting Gnosticism
01:28:56 10.2.5 Deconstructing Gnosticism
01:30:20 10.2.6 Psychological approaches
01:31:32 11 See also
01:31:50 12 Notes
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SUMMARY
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Gnosticism (from Ancient Greek: γνωστικός gnostikos, "having knowledge", from γνῶσις gnōsis, knowledge) is a modern name for a variety of ancient religious ideas and systems, originating in Jewish-Christian milieux in the first and second century AD. These systems believed that the material world is created by an emanation of the highest God, trapping the divine spark within the human body. This divine spark could be liberated by gnosis, spiritual knowledge acquired through direct experience. Some of the core teachings include the following:
All matter is evil, and the non-material, spirit-realm is good.
There is an unknowable God, who gave rise to many lesser spirit beings called Aeons.
The creator of the (material) universe is not the supreme god, but an inferior spirit (the Demiurge).
Gnosticism does not deal with "sin", only ignorance.
To achieve salvation, one needs to get in touch with gnosis.The Gnostic ideas and systems flourished in the Mediterranean world in the second century AD, in conjunction with and influenced by the early Christian movements and Middle Platonism. After the second century, a decline set in, but Gnosticism persisted throughout the centuries as an undercurrent of Western culture, remanifesting with the Renaissance as Western esotericism, taking prominence with modern spirituality. In the Persian Empire, Gnosticism spread as far as China with Manicheism, while Mandaeism is still alive in Iraq.
A major question in scholarly research is the qualification of Gnosticism, based on the study of its texts, as either an interreligious phenomenon or as an independent religion.