The basic Structure of an Aircraft, How Airplanes Are Made
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// Source: Delft-X Aero, @delft-xaero4496 //
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What types of airplanes are available to build? Basically, there are five different types of materials used in building amateur-built airplanes. They are sheet metal, wood, steel tubing, fabric, and composite materials. The majority of custom built aircraft require a combination of two or more of these materials. Several designs using sheet metal only are available and are popular. A large number of tubing and fabric airplanes are being built along with the composite aircraft. Composite aircraft are comprised of two or more basic materials, such as foam and fiberglass, that are combined to make a very strong structure. The type of aircraft that you choose is largely one of personal preference. You may have sheet metal experience that would enable you to feel more comfortable building that type of airplane. You may desire a fast, cross-country airplane that might lend itself best to a composite design. The choices are virtually unlimited. I would recommend that you decide what you want to do with the completed airplane. Do you want to fly cross-country, do aerobatics, take someone else with you, simply fly around the field in the evening—what do you want to do with the airplane?
The first step is to decide the type of design—tube and fabric, wood, sheet metal, or composite. Do not be afraid to choose a design that you know nothing about because you are going to have to learn a lot of new skills regardless of the type of construction. There are a number of workshops that are presented around the country by the EAA. They are called EAA/ SportAir workshops and will assist in preparing you for any type of construction. Aircraft Spruce is one of the major sponsors of the EAA/Sportair workshop program.
You then have the option of building an airplane from a set of plans or from a kit. Building from a set of plans will be more time consuming but will cost less than building from a kit. Kit manufacturers do a lot of the work for you. They present their kit to the FAA for evaluation to be placed on a listing of eligible kits. This simply means they prove to the FAA that if you follow their plans you will build the major portion of the airplane. So, the kit manufacturer sells you a partially completed airplane that you in turn fabricate and assemble 51% or more of the final product. This is in complete compliance with the regulations. Kit aircraft usually are more expensive but require less time to complete. So as you can see, with a kit you trade money for time.
Choosing the airplane to build can be very confusing. To review, once you have decided that you want to build an airplane, you first make the decision as to the type of design and the purpose of the airplane. With that in mind you then are confronted with the decision as to a specific type of airplane. There are many good publications that provide comparisons of various custom built airplanes. I would also recommend that you attend AirVenture, Sun ‘N Fun, or one of the major airshows. Most of the aircraft choices are available at these airshows and you can talk to the manufacturers along with the people that are actually building the airplanes. Your best source of information will be builders of the type of airplane you are interested in constructing. They are usually unbiased and they will be frank concerning the amount of money it will cost, the time it will take, the support of the manufacturer, the completeness of the plans, etc..
Tools needed to build an airplane vary with the type of construction. Sheet metal construction will necessitate a larger investment in tools than will composite construction. Basic tools are needed for each type of airplane. The bottom line is you can never have too many tools. You do not need to invest a fortune to begin but remember, the tools you buy are a life-time investment. Workshop space is a similar consideration. If you have a space the size of a two-car garage you have enough room. Once again, the type of construction will present different workshop problems. If you are doing dope and fabric work you will not want to do it in your basement. The fumes will not make you popular with the rest of the family. Noise is a factor with sheet metal construction.
This is an Aerospace engineering concerned with the development of aircraft and spacecraft, focused on designing aeroplane and space shutlle and it is a study of all the flying wing used within the earth's atmosphere. Also dealing with the Avionic systems that includes communications, navigation, the display and management of multiple systems. Also dealing with Aircraft mishap such as Accident and Serious Incident.
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