By or until?
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In these examples, the preposition "by" is used to indicate a specific point in time by which something should be completed, achieved, or reached. It sets a deadline or a limit for when an action should be done or an event should occur.
For example, in the sentence "The meeting will start by 9:00 AM," the use of "by" indicates that the meeting should begin at or before 9:00 AM. Similarly, in "Please submit your report by the end of the day," "by" indicates that the report should be submitted before the day ends.
Overall, "by" is used to express a time limit or deadline for completing a task or reaching a certain time.