Commonly used terms in Chemical Tanker vessel II Sailor 360
Commonly used terms in Chemical Tanker SHip related to Cargo II Sailor 360
Hello Navigator ! Today our topic- Commonly used termsin Chemical Tanker vessel II Sailor 360
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1. Cargo Compatibility
Cargo compatibility refers to the ability of chemical cargoes to be carried in adjacent tanks without any risk of chemical reactions, contamination, or hazardous outcomes.
• Certain chemicals react with each other, releasing heat, toxic gases, or even causing explosions.
• To ensure compatibility, a cargo compatibility chart (available onboard) is referred to.
• Example: Acids and alkalis are highly incompatible and must be segregated.
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2. Toxicity
Toxicity is the measure of how harmful or poisonous a substance is to humans or the environment.
• Toxic chemicals can enter the body through inhalation, skin contact, or ingestion.
• Chemicals like benzene, toluene, and hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) are toxic and require proper ventilation and personal protective equipment (PPE).
• Toxic limits are measured in parts per million (ppm).
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3. Flash Point
Flash point is the lowest temperature at which a liquid chemical emits enough vapors to ignite when exposed to an ignition source (like a spark or flame).
• Chemicals with low flash points are highly flammable and dangerous.
• Example: Methanol has a flash point of 11°C and requires inert gas protection during transport.
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4. Auto-Ignition Temperature (AIT)
Auto-ignition temperature is the temperature at which a substance can ignite spontaneously without any external flame or spark.
• Substances with low AIT pose a fire hazard, especially during heating operations.
• Example: Hydrocarbons have varying AITs depending on their composition.
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5. Volatility
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6. Reactivity
Reactivity describes how readily a chemical reacts with other substances, such as water, air, or other cargoes.
• Reactive chemicals can cause dangerous reactions like fire, explosion, or toxic gas emissions.
• Example: Sodium hydroxide (caustic soda) reacts violently with acids.
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7. Inert Gas System (IGS)
An inert gas system is used to introduce inert gas (usually nitrogen or flue gas) into cargo tanks to reduce oxygen levels and prevent flammable atmospheres.
• Inert gas is critical for carrying cargoes with low flash points.
• Example: Tanks carrying naphtha or benzene are inerted to minimize fire risks.
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8. Vapor Pressure
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9. Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL)
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10. Threshold Limit Value (TLV)
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11. Carcinogenic
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12. MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheet)
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13. Cargo Heating
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14. Solidifying Cargo
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15. Cargo Tank Coating
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16. Purging
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17. Stripping
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18. Slop Tank
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19. Hydrogen Sulfide (H₂S)
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20. Ventilation
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21. Segregation
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22. Corrosion
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23. Vapor Return System
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24. MARPOL Annex II
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Conclusion
Chemical tanker operations involve handling a variety of hazardous cargoes, each with specific physical and chemical properties. Terms like flash point, vapor pressure, reactivity, and solidifying cargo are critical for cargo management, while systems like IGS, purging, and ventilation ensure operational safety. Understanding these terms is essential for maintaining safety, preventing contamination, and complying with international regulations like MARPOL.
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Video Sections:
0:00 - Introduction
0:05 - Explanation
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