Quantum key distribution | Wikipedia audio article
This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum...
00:02:12 1 Quantum key exchange
00:04:10 1.1 BB84 protocol: Charles H. Bennett and Gilles Brassard (1984)
00:09:04 1.2 E91 protocol: Artur Ekert (1991)
00:12:27 2 Information reconciliation and privacy amplification
00:15:54 3 Implementations
00:16:03 3.1 Experimental
00:19:01 3.2 Commercial
00:20:11 3.3 Quantum key distribution networks
00:20:21 3.3.1 DARPA
00:20:44 3.3.2 SECOQC
00:21:22 3.3.3 SwissQuantum
00:22:04 3.3.4 Chinese networks
00:23:20 3.3.5 Tokyo QKD Network
00:24:05 3.3.6 Los Alamos National Laboratory
00:24:59 4 Attacks and security proofs
00:25:09 4.1 Intercept and resend
00:27:48 4.2 Man-in-the-middle attack
00:28:52 4.3 Photon number splitting attack
00:31:55 4.4 Denial of service
00:32:26 4.5 Trojan-horse attacks
00:32:55 4.6 Security proofs
00:34:03 5 Quantum hacking
00:36:33 6 Counterfactual quantum key distribution
00:37:34 7 History
00:38:54 8 Future
00:40:31 9 See also
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SUMMARY
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Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a secure communication method which implements a cryptographic protocol involving components of quantum mechanics. It enables two parties to produce a shared random secret key known only to them, which can then be used to encrypt and decrypt messages. It is often incorrectly called quantum cryptography, as it is the best-known example of a quantum cryptographic task.
An important and unique property of quantum key distribution is the ability of the two communicating users to detect the presence of any third party trying to gain knowledge of the key. This results from a fundamental aspect of quantum mechanics: the process of measuring a quantum system in general disturbs the system. A third party trying to eavesdrop on the key must in some way measure it, thus introducing detectable anomalies. By using quantum superpositions or quantum entanglement and transmitting information in quantum states, a communication system can be implemented that detects eavesdropping. If the level of eavesdropping is below a certain threshold, a key can be produced that is guaranteed to be secure (i.e. the eavesdropper has no information about it), otherwise no secure key is possible and communication is aborted.
The security of encryption that uses quantum key distribution relies on the foundations of quantum mechanics, in contrast to traditional public key cryptography, which relies on the computational difficulty of certain mathematical functions, and cannot provide any mathematical proof as to the actual complexity of reversing the one-way functions used. QKD has provable security based on information theory, and forward secrecy.
Quantum key distribution is only used to produce and distribute a key, not to transmit any message data. This key can then be used with any chosen encryption algorithm to encrypt (and decrypt) a message, which can then be transmitted over a standard communication channel. The algorithm most commonly associated with QKD is the one-time pad, as it is provably secure when used with a secret, random key. In real-world situations, it is often also used with encryption using symmetric key algorithms like the Advanced Encryption Standard algorithm.