Kaveri and M88 hybrid engines for AMCA | what are the requirements of 5th generation engines ?
Introduction
After the visit of French Defence minister to India, we have heard statement from Sri Rajnath Singh about the engine development under strategic partnership to power India’s 5th generation fighter jet AMCA. The engine which is going to be developed will have Indian and French technologies. This is expected to derive the technology from both Kaveri and M88 engines. Previously, Safran has offered to replace Kaveri engine’s core with that of its M-88. However, this could not go ahead due to the sharing of critical technology around the core of the engine. However, now the Kaveri core is pretty stable and has issues with its after burner section. In this video, we will try to understand whether a derivative M88 engines will be suitable to power a fifth-generation fighter and generate required thrust. The Snecma M88 is a French afterburning turbofan engine developed by Safran Aircraft Engines powering the Dassault Rafale fighter jets. There are different variants of M88 engines for different types of fighter jet: First one is M88-2, which produces 50 kN of dry thrust & 75 kN with afterburners. 2 engines of this variant are currently powering the Rafale fighter jets. Second one is M88-3, which produces 93 kN of thrust with afterburner. It is developed for a single-engine light combat aircraft. Third one is M88-4, which is under development. It is the higher thrust variant of M88. Once developed the M88-4 will be able to produce 95-105KN thrust. As per reports, the M88-4 will be developed by 2023. From what it seems, it is highly likely that France will offer M88-4 engines to India as its thrust is close to the requirement of AMCA which is 110 kN or more. The 5th generation fighter jets must have following features in their engine: First, It should be stealthy with Low-observable signature which can be only be achieved through proper distribution of heat signatures, usage of ceramic radar absorbent materials for covering the vanes of engine. Second, It should be able to generate high thrust without use of afterburner in order to cruse at supersonic speed and sustain it. Third, it should have world-class thermal management for proper monitoring and managing the thermal signature and overall health of engine. The challenge with French engine is that France it does not have a proven 5th generation engine as M-88 4 is still under development. Even the F-35s which are at present the best 5th generation fighter jet, have issues with their engine. The fan blades in the engine are developing cracks due to heat leading to frequent replacement of blades. French collaboration will definitely help India to develop the 5th generation engine, however the bigger question is can M-88 core sustain high thrust requirement of 5th generation fighter.
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