Foot Detox Iontophoresis Procedure Dr. Emilova Tsetsi. Йонофореза Детокс Процедура Др.Емилова Цеци
Iontophoresis Procedure at Dr. Emilova's Clinic. Йонофореза при Др. Емилова в Боровец. Цеци 🔴 P r i v a t e V i d s: 🔴 T S E T S I 🔴 C O M 💙 I n s t a g r a m: / tsetsi.bg 🌼 S u b s c r i b e: https://www.youtube.com/c/tsetsistoya... 🔥 P a t r e o n: / tsetsi 🔴 F o o d C h a n n e l: / @tsetsitv
There are relatively few practitioners using iontophoresis in the UK, but in the USA it is a mainstream application. In Europe there are pockets of activity, and strong support from many practitioners. The use of iontophoresis worldwide is patchy - with areas of high use and areas where it is almost never employed.
In order to 'drive' the ions into the tissues, a DIRECT (Galvanic) CURRENT needs to be employed. Some authorities suggest that the current needs to be continuous, though others have argued that so long as the current is mono-phasic in nature, a pulsed application can be used. Continuous (classic) DC is most commonly used in practice.
Essentially, the substance to be driven into the tissues NEEDS to be IONIC in nature, and MUST be placed under the electrode with the SAME CHARGE (i.e. positively charged ions placed under the positive electrode (ANODE) and the reverse for a negatively charged ion).
Conventionally, the electrode under which the ionic solution is placed is called the ACTIVE electrode (other terms include TREATMENT electrode or DELIVERY electrode). The other electrode, which is used to complete the circuit is most commonly called the DISPERSIVE, INDIFFERENT, INACTIVE or RETURN electrode. For consistency in this document the terms ACTIVE and INDIFFERENT electrodes will be used.
Ions with a polarity which is the same as that of the stimulating electrode are repelled into the skin
It is assumed that the effects of the treatment are attributed to the delivered ions and not the direct current - though interestingly, this basic premise has not actually been fully established. Given the wealth of evidence in favour of various DC applications, including a recent resurgence of High Voltage Pulsed Current (HVPC) and the developing use of MICROCURRENT based therapies, it would be surprising if the DC current had no effect in its own right.
The ions are driven into the skin via the pores - hair follicles, sweat gland ducts - rather than through the stratum corneum per se (the stratum has a high resistance, thus limited current passes through it - the ducts are lower resistance, will allow greater passage of current, thus the route of preference).
The ions (ionic solution) used will depend on the therapeutic effects which are intended. The table in this document identifies some of the more commonly employed solutions, their use and the electrode under which they need to be placed in order for the iontophoretic effect to be achieved. These substances range from tap water through to steroid based medicines, and the regulations concerning their use will vary from country to country depending on prescription and therapist autonomy.
It is possible that different ions will travel varying distances into the tissues - in other words, there is not a 'set' penetration which is equal for all different substances. This issue has also yet to be fully resolved.
Will get ACID accumulation under the POSITIVE (anode) electrode (weak HYDROCHLORIC ACID) because the negatively charged chloride ions (Cl- from NaCl) will transit (be attracted) towards the anode.
Will get ALKALINE accumulation under the NEGATIVE (cathode) electrode (SODIUM HYDROXIDE) because the positively charged sodium ions (Na+ from NaCl) will move towards the cathode. The Na+ ions react with water to form sodium hydroxide (NaOH). N.B. it is suggested that the reaction at the negative (cathode) electrode will bring about a softening of the skin, hence is growing use by beauty therapy clinics.
A reactive hyperaemia will ne observable under BOTH electrodes due to (chemically mediated) local vasodilation.
The magnitude of the local reaction (independent of the ions utilised) will depend on :
The penetration of the ions is greatest in the region of the pores, the penetration of the substance through the skin is in proportion to the current magnitude, but that the substance is most likely deposited below the stratum corneum, thus acting as a depot. Onward migration of the substance to the deeper tissues is achieved by diffusion rather than being 'driven' deeper by the applied current.
Interestingly, it is also suggested that if there is a strong vasodilation in the blood vessels of the skin, there will be a less effective diffusion to the deeper tissues on the basis that the increased local flow will serve to dilute the sub-epidermal deposit.