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Written by Saswata Baksiin Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulic Machines
Contents
Centrifugal Pump Definition:
The hydraulic machine which converts the mechanical energy into Hydraulic energy is called Pumps. The hydraulic energy is in the form of pressure energy, If the mechanical energy is converted into pressure energy by means of a centrifugal force acting on the fluid, the hydraulic machine is called a Centrifugal pump.
The main parts of the Centrifugal Pump are:
Impeller
Casing
Suction pipe with a foot valve
strainer and
Delivery pipe
Impeller:
An impeller is a rotating component of a centrifugal pump which transfers energy from the motor that drives the pump to the fluid being pumped by accelerating the fluid outwards from the center of rotation.Casing:
The Casing that receives the fluid being pumped by the impeller, slowing down the fluid’s rate of flow.
A volute is a curved funnel that increases in area as it approaches the discharge port.
Suction pipe with a foot valve and Strainer:
A pipe whose one end is connected to the inlet of the pump and another end dips into the water in a sump is known as a suction pipe.
A foot valve is found at the end of a pipeline in a suction lift application.
They function as a check valve, but they also have a strainer affixed to their open end.
Delivery pipe:
A pipe whose one end is connected to the outlet of the pump and other ends delivers the water at a required height is known as a Delivery pipe.
And the more details of all the figures of the main parts of the centrifugal pump we have shown below.
Centrifugal Pump Working Principle:
The Centrifugal pump acts as a reversed of an inward radial flow reaction turbine. This means that flow in a centrifugal pump is in the radial outward directions.
The centrifugal pump works on the principle of forced vortex flow which means that when a certain mass of liquid is rotated by an external torque, the rise in pressure head of the rotating liquid takes place.
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How to Increase the NPSH Margin to a Pump
Increase the liquid level in the suction vessel.
Eliminate any flow restrictions in the suction piping (such as a strainer)
Operate at a flow rate less than the pump bep (see figure 3).
Install an Inducer, if available.
Change to a low NPSHR impeller, if available.Why cavitation occurs in pump?
Cavitation occurs when the liquid in a pump turns to a vapor at low pressure. It occurs because there is not enough pressure at the suction end of the pump, or insufficient Net Positive Suction Head available (NPSHa). When cavitation takes place, air bubbles are created at low pressure.What is disadvantage of centrifugal pump?
The main disadvantage is that they use rotation instead of suction to move water, and therefore have almost no suction power. This means that a centrifugal pump must be put under water, or primed, before it will move water. Centrifugal pumps can also develop a phenomenon called “cavitation”Is centrifugal pump self priming?
Are Centrifugal Pumps Self-Priming? Centrifugal pumps do not have seals between the suction and discharge sides of the pump, meaning they are not self-priming and cannot evacuate gases and air if the pump is above fluid level.What is cavitation effect?
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Cavitation is a phenomenon in which the static pressure of a liquid reduces to below the liquid's vapour pressure, leading to the formation of small vapor-filled cavities in the liquid.
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What Are the Types of Centrifugal Pumps and Their Applications?