The addEventListener method in JavaScript allows you to attach an event handler to a specific element on your webpage. This means that when a specific event occurs on that element, the event handler will be invoked. For example, you can use addEventListener to attach a click event to a button, so that an alert is displayed when the button is clicked. This method takes two arguments: the type of event to listen for (e.g. "click") and the function to be executed when the event occurs. It is a powerful tool for creating interactive and dynamic webpages.