Air traffic regulations
The channel has a new video about the rules that exist for aircraft in the air.
In fact, paragliders, with or without engines, motorized hang gliders, gliders, autogyros, small self-assembled airplanes, light two-, four-, and six-seat piston aircraft, turboprop and turbojet equipment can fly in the sky - and all of this must move safely.
Some of this stuff can even fly without a license, that is, without a driver's license, by analogy. So delta-, para-gliders and similar equipment - fly somewhere low, not particularly bothering anyone. Sometimes special flight zones are created for them.
And all the airspace is divided into zones with different rules. They are all designated by letters - from the most complex to the simplest - A, B, C, D, E, F, G, and these letters in aviation communication have their own name, so as not to explain to the interlocutor that "S is like a dollar." Sounds like this: Alfa, Bravo, Charlie, Delta, Echo, Foxtrot, Golf.
So, what can we do in the most democratic space of Golf? Actually, almost everything. This is almost complete freedom of flight, limited only by speed, common sense and the need to communicate with other aircraft and the information support tower, if there is one.
But this is not even a limitation - it is safety. More than 450 kilometers per hour on a small plane and in traffic you will not accelerate much, and the information tower will tell you where the other planes are, and give them an understanding of where you are moving. Usually, after takeoff from your small airfield, you greet the guys on the tower, tell them your call sign and plans. Like - took off from such and such a point, I will move within a radius of 30 kilometers from it. And - enjoy the flight, experiencing the best that humanity has come up with - the ability to fly like a bird.
The most regulated area Alpha is the area above five and a half kilometers, and it is mainly intended for main liners and large transport aircraft. There is almost no oxygen for breathing there, and flights can only be instrument flights, visual flights are prohibited there, so a basic license is impossible there. Can an ordinary pilot fly there on a small plane? Yes, if he has received a license for instrument flights, and a small plane can fly at such altitudes and be controlled by instruments.
Delta, Charlie, Bravo airspace are usually airport zones and around them in increasing complexity and size of such airports. Next to huge airliners, in which hundreds of people are sitting, small planes are approaching for landing and landing, inside of which there may be yesterday's cadets, who received their license in the morning.
Therefore, following the dispatcher's commands is very important. These are zones in which you cannot fly where you want - you need to fly where you are told.
Echo, in fact, is a controlled Golf. Instrument aircraft are controlled by a dispatcher, visual aircraft are self-oriented, but they are visible on the radar so that the dispatcher does not allow an instrument-controlled aircraft taking off from a cloud to approach a small aircraft flying near such a cloud.
There are also airways for aircraft in the sky. Large aircraft move along them, and sometimes small ones too. This makes it easier to distance them from each other. And all airways begin and end on the airport runway, because, as they say, not a single aircraft remains in the air. At large airports, both departure and arrival for airliners occur along such roads - after all, it is easier to manage the most complex traffic, with dozens, sometimes hundreds of aircraft that need to be received and sent every minute. The points along which the aircraft moves and the altitude that must be at the moment of crossing such a point are prescribed. How a pilot in an airplane finds such points - was told in more detail in the episode "Navigation in the air" • Навигация в самолете. Способы ориентирован...
Can airliners fly straight, not along roads - of course, but with the permission of the dispatcher. And the most expensive thing is very conditional. A thunderstorm is ahead - everyone goes around it, like a hole or a traffic jam on the highway.
There are also rules for crossing state borders in the air - they can only be flown over at the prescribed intersection points. I talked about this in more detail in the episode on the old channel "Flying the border in a small plane" • Как перелетать границы на самолете.
Ukrainian version of this series: "Air traffic rules" on the @PilotTag channel - • Правила повітряного руху.