DATA COMMUNICATION AND NETWORKS: how the TCP/IP layers are used by devices
Not all devices have an application layer. Routers, for example, only operate up to the network layer. In this video, I explain with a practical example how communication in a real network happens, how information is packaged and unpacked at each layer. Each layer will maintain the payload field and add the header information.
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🔗 My Computer Networks books:
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Book COMPUTER NETWORKS FOR BEGINNERS: https://amzn.to/3IgjM63
Book TCP/IP AND OSI MODEL: COMMENTED QUESTIONS: https://amzn.to/3P1UI6v