TYPES OF FOUNDATION
Shallow foundations are used when the soil near the surface can support the structure's load. They are typically placed at a depth less than or equal to the width of the foundation. Common types of shallow foundations include:1. **Isolated Footing**: A single foundation used for individual columns, typically rectangular or square in shape. It spreads the load from the column over a large area.2. **Strip Footing**: A continuous strip foundation used for load-bearing walls. It distributes the load along the length of the wall, providing support evenly.3. **Slab-Base Foundation**: A foundation where a large concrete slab is used to support the entire structure, typically employed for buildings with large footprints or those built on weaker soil.4. **Mat Foundation (Raft Foundation)**: A thick slab of concrete that supports the entire structure, typically used for buildings with heavy loads or when the soil has low bearing capacity.5. **Slab-on-Grade**: A type of foundation where the structure rests directly on a concrete slab that is poured at ground level. It is common in residential construction.Each type is chosen based on factors such as soil properties, load-bearing requirements, and the nature of the building.