The Rise and Fall of Marcus Garvey
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Marcus Moziah Garvey was born on August 17, 1887 in St. Ann’s Bay, Jamaica to Marcus Garvey Sr. and Sarah Jane Richards. His father was a stonemason and his mother was a household servant. Though the couple had 11 children, only Marcus and one other sibling survived into adulthood.
Marcus Garvey was a Jamaican-born black nationalist and leader of the Pan-Africanism movement, which sought to unify and connect people of African descent worldwide. In the United States, he was a noted civil rights activist who founded the Negro World newspaper, a shipping company called Black Star Line and the Universal Negro Improvement Association, or UNIA, a fraternal organization of black nationalists. As a group, they advocated for “separate but equal” status for persons of African ancestry, and as such they sought to establish independent black states around the world, notably in Liberia on the west coast of Africa.
His philosophy is perhaps best exemplified in the following quote: “We must canonize our own saints, create our own martyrs, and elevate to positions of fame and honor black men and women who have made their distinct contributions to our racial history … I am the equal of any white man; I want you to feel the same way.”
Marcus Garvey: Civil Rights Activist. Biography.com.
Hill, R.A. “Marcus Garvey: The Negro Moses.”
Van Leeuwen, D. “Marcus Garvey and the Universal Negro Improvement Association.” National Humanities Center
Friedman, J. (2018). “From Jamaica’s Marcus Garvey came an African vision of freedom.”
Garvey, M. (1925). “First Message to the Negroes of the World from Atlanta Prison.