How Is Phosphoric Acid Made?
How Is Phosphoric Acid Made? -- Phosphoric acid is produced primarily through two distinct methods: the wet process and the thermal process. The most common and economical route is the wet process, where phosphate rock (primarily calcium phosphate) is digested with sulfuric acid. This reaction yields a slurry of phosphoric acid and insoluble calcium sulfate (gypsum), which is then filtered off. The resulting "merchant-grade" acid is less pure and is predominantly used in fertilizer production. The thermal process, while more energy-intensive, produces a significantly purer product. In this method, phosphate rock is heated with coke and silica in an electric furnace to produce elemental phosphorus. This phosphorus is then burned with air to form phosphorus pentoxide, which is subsequently hydrated with water to create high-purity, food-grade phosphoric acid used in soft drinks, food additives, and pharmaceuticals.
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